Table of contents
Data Types:
Data types are the classification or categorization of data items. It represents the kind of value that tells what operations can be performed on a particular data.
Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.
Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:
Text Type: |
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Numeric Types: |
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Sequence Types: |
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Mapping Type: |
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Set Types: |
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Boolean Type: |
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Binary Types: |
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None Type: |
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Getting the Data Type
You can get the data type of any object by using the type() function:
Example: x = 5
print(type(x));
Numeric Data Type
The numeric data type in Python represents the data that has a numeric value. A numeric value can be an integer, a floating number, or even a complex number. These values are defined as Python int, Python float and Python complex classes in Python.
Integers – This value is represented by int class. It contains positive or negative whole numbers (without fractions or decimals). In Python, there is no limit to how long an integer value can be.
Float – This value is represented by the float class. It is a real number with a floating-point representation. It is specified by a decimal point. Optionally, the character e or E followed by a positive or negative integer may be appended to specify scientific notation.
Complex Numbers – Complex number is represented by a complex class. It is specified as (real part) + (imaginary part)j. For example – 7+9j.
Sequence Data Type
The sequence Data Type in Python is the ordered collection of similar or different data types. Sequences allow storing of multiple values in an organized and efficient fashion. There are several sequence types in Python –
String Data Type
Strings in Python are arrays of bytes representing Unicode characters. A string is a collection of one or more characters put in a single quote, double-quote, or triple-quote. In Python there is no character data type, a character is a string of length one. It is represented by str class.
Strings in Python can be created using single quotes or double quotes or even triple quotes.
List Data Type
Lists are just like arrays, declared in other languages which is an ordered collection of data. It is very flexible as the items in a list do not need to be of the same type.
Lists in Python can be created by just placing the sequence inside the square brackets[].
Tuple Data Type
Just like a list, a tuple is also an ordered collection of Python objects. The only difference between a tuple and a list is that tuples are immutable i.e. tuples cannot be modified after it is created. It is represented by a tuple class.
In Python, tuples are created by placing a sequence of values separated by a ‘comma’ with or without the use of parentheses for grouping the data sequence. Tuples can contain any number of elements and any datatype (like strings, integers, lists, etc.). Note: Tuples can also be created with a single element, but it is a bit tricky. Having one element in the parentheses is not sufficient, there must be a trailing ‘comma’ to make it a tuple.
Boolean Data Type
Data type with one of the two built-in values, True or False. Boolean objects that are equal to True are truthy (true), and those equal to False are falsy (false). But non-Boolean objects can be evaluated in a Boolean context as well and determined to be true or false. It is denoted by the class bool.
Set Data Type
In Python, a Set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable, mutable and has no duplicate elements. The order of elements in a set is undefined though it may consist of various elements.
Sets can be created by using the built-in set() function with an iterable object or a sequence by placing the sequence inside curly braces, separated by a ‘comma’.
The type of elements in a set need not be the same, various mixed-up data type values can also be passed to the set.
Dictionary Data Type
A dictionary in Python is an unordered collection of data values, used to store data values like a map, unlike other Data Types that hold only a single value as an element, a Dictionary holds a key: value pair.
Key-value is provided in the dictionary to make it more optimized. Each key-value pair in a Dictionary is separated by a colon: whereas each key is separated by a ‘comma’.
In Python, a Dictionary can be created by placing a sequence of elements within curly {} braces, separated by ‘comma’. Values in a dictionary can be of any datatype and can be duplicated, whereas keys can’t be repeated and must be immutable. The dictionary can also be created by the built-in function dict().
An empty dictionary can be created by just placing it in curly braces{}.
Data Structures:
Data Structures are a way of organizing data so that it can be accessed more efficiently depending on the situation. Data Structures are fundamentals of any programming language around which a program is built. Python helps to learn the fundamental of these data structures in a simpler way as compared to other programming languages.
Lists
Python Lists are just like the arrays, declared in other languages which is an ordered collection of data. It is very flexible as the items in a list do not need to be of the same type.
The implementation of Python List is similar to Vectors in C++ or ArrayList in JAVA. The costly operation is inserting or deleting the element from the beginning of the List as all the elements are needed to be shifted. Insertion and deletion at the end of the list can also become costly in the case where the preallocated memory becomes full.
Example: Creating Python List
List = [1, 2, 3, "GFG", 2.3]
print(List)
List elements can be accessed by the assigned index. In Python starting index of the list, the sequence is 0 and the ending index is (if N elements are there) N-1.
Dictionary
Python dictionary is like hash tables in any other language with the time complexity of O(1). It is an unordered collection of data values, used to store data values like a map, which, unlike other Data Types that hold only a single value as an element, Dictionary holds the key: value pair. Key-value is provided in the dictionary to make it more optimized.
Indexing of Python Dictionary is done with the help of keys. These are of any hashable type i.e. an object whose can never change like strings, numbers, tuples, etc. We can create a dictionary by using curly braces ({}).
Tuple:
Python Tuple is a collection of Python objects much like a list but Tuples are immutable i.e. the elements in the tuple cannot be added or removed once created. Just like a List, a Tuple can also contain elements of various types.
In Python, tuples are created by placing a sequence of values separated by ‘a comma’ with or without the use of parentheses for grouping of the data sequence.
Tasks:
Give the Difference between List, Tuple and Set. Do Handson and put screenshots as per your understanding.
- | List | Set | Tuple | | --- | --- | --- | | Lists are Mutable | Set is Mutable | Tuple is Immutable | | It is an Ordered collection of items | It is an Unordered collection of items | It is an Ordered collection of items | | Items in the list can be replaced or changed | Items in the set cannot be changed or replaced | Items in a tuple cannot be changed or replaced |
List: Python Lists are just like arrays, declared in other languages which is an ordered collection of data. It is very flexible as the items in a list do not need to be of the same type.
Example- List = [23,43, "data",77.8]
print (List)
Tuple:- A tuple is similar to the list in many ways. Like lists, tuples also contain the collection of items of different data types. The items of the tuple are separated with a comma (,) and enclosed in parentheses ().
A tuple is a read-only data structure as we can't modify the size and value of the items of a tuple.
Example:-
- Set:-Sets are used to store multiple items in a single variable. The set list is unordered, meaning: the items will appear in a random order.
Example:-
Create the below Dictionary and use Dictionary methods to print your favourite tool just by using the keys of the Dictionary.
fav_tools =
{
1: "Linux",
2: "Git",
3: "Docker",
4: "Kubernetes",
5: "Terraform",
6: "Ansible",
7: "Chef"
}
Output:-
Create a List of cloud service providers
eg.cloud_providers = ["AWS", "GCP", "Azure"]
Write a program to add Digital Ocean to the list of cloud_providers and sort the list in alphabetical order.
Thank you for reading!!!!